Category Archives: General Cynicism

Discomfort and Change in Health Care

The health care debate continues, the strident opposition seems in the process of defeating themselves, with their distortions and frank lies about the need for and effects of health reform.

The problem is that the institutions most comfortable with the current system will not change unless forced to do so. Physicians will continue to game the system to ensure their incomes; insurers and their investors will continue to expect cost plus profits which are the highest in the world; suppliers and patent holders will continue to overcharge and obfuscate the actual benefit of their advance.

Physicians:

  • Previously the emphasis on cost containment focused on physicians. They were individuals and small groups for the most part; had limited resources for lobbying; and indeed are the door keepers for the system
  • These efforts failed and resulted in distortions as doctors gamed the system to increase income. Medical students funneled into the high income, lower contact fields and practices found ways to incorporate high income technology, that doesn’t necessarily improve outcomes into their practices. Consider the proliferation of MRI’s in orthopedists offices, CT scanners in group practices, etc. These techniques are like the proverbial hammers looking for “nails’ to hit. At some point these costs will have to be approached.
  • Part of the utilization fix will have to be a redistribution of fees to emphasize primary care. Cost efficacy of interventions will need to be analyzed compared and incorporated into our best practices.

Insurers:

  • Insurers need competition from an efficient, non-profit competitors. Hopefully there will be a public option in the forthcoming reform to keep them honest.

Patent Holders (Drug companies and such)

  • Technology patent holders have taken advantage of desperate and sick people gouging them by charging outrageous amounts to access their technology which in many cases offers small incremental, if any, improvement over previous approaches. Our costs are twice that of other industrialized countries in part because of these inefficiencies.
  • These companies even oppose comparing newer expensive treatments with standard therapy to see which works best and oppose studies to understand the true cost of a therapy both in terms of it’s price to the individual and to the system. (cost efficiency)
  • Patent holders in medical fields have violated the public trust. Their government provided patents have given them a generation long monopoly–it’s anything but a “free and open market.”
  • One would think that being in a altruistic endeavor, health care, advances would be priced reasonably. It’s hard to imagine a single drug costing more than the median and average incomes in our country, and over a lifetime more than our home. Or a single imaging procedure that costs more than the entire care plan for a cancer patient 20 years ago. But that’s what’s happened. Cost-efficiency is not in a concept honored by these folks as they take advantage of the infirm and dying. I’ve long felt we need to change the terms of patents to encouraging responsible, realistic, sustainable pricing.


Hamburgers

Hamburgers, Ground Beef Inspection Flaws.

If you’ve got to have one, grind your own.

Medicynical note: Our food supply system is failing. Industrialized agriculture’s goal is profit not better nutrition–sound familiar?


What Vacuums tell us about Free Market in Health Care

I’m shopping for a new vacuum cleaner and my head is spinning from the multitude of features, conflicting reviews, and range of costs. Adding insult to injury, the same high quality vacuum that costs over $600 here actually costs less by over $200 in Europe. (Google the cost of a Miele or Sebo in UK and here). Other than health care I have trouble thinking of something that costs less in Europe than here.

I’ve been told we, the U.S., have the most efficient marketplace in the world in the U.S. That competition will find the “right” price.

What my experience tells me is that marketplaces can be manipulated, even for something simple and mundane.

Imagine how easily we could be manipulated if the issue is more complicated; the costs are 100 times more’; and if you don’t fully understand the problem and the options. Maybe that’s part of our health care waste alluded to in the last post.

Any vacuum recommendations?


Waste in Health Care

Here is RAND on health care waste.

How do we rank on administrative costs?

  • “For example, there are significant differences in administrative overhead between public and private insurances, leading some to conclude that the excess spending by private insurance companies must constitute administrative waste. Estimates indicate that overhead/administrative costs (premiums minus claims payments) make up 14 percent of total private insurance expenditures, compared with 3–5 percent of spending in public sector programs such as Medicaid”

Medicynical note: The article points out that between $100 billion and 300 billion can be saved from health costs by curbing administrative waste.

Operational Waste?

  • “Paul O’Neill, former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury and former CEO of Alcoa, garnered wide attention for his claims that achieving perfect operational efficiency could reduce health care costs by 50 percent while improving the quality of care (“Editorial,” 2005). While leading the Pittsburgh Regional Health Initiative, O’Neill implemented simple process improvements to reduce “defects in the production of care in intensive care units that resulted in significant reductions in patient infections and deaths.” According to O’Neill, the goal of the health care system should be perfection, particularly in the area of patient safety and the reduction of medical errors.”

Medicynical note: O’Neill is right in his belief that we can cut costs with more efficiency. Now health care operates on a cost plus basis–there is no incentive to be efficient at any level. With change we can achieve substantial savings, but not 50% in my view.

Clinical Waste:

  • “Overall, these studies indicate that one-third or more of all procedures performed in the United States are of questionable benefit. (See, for example, Bernstein et al., 1993; Hilborne et al., 1993; Kleinman et al., 1994; Winslow et al., 1988.) Such procedures may constitute clinical waste.”
  • “After adjusting for age, sex, and race, per capita Medicare spending in 2000 in New York City was more than twice as much as it was in Portland, Oregon ($10,550 versus $4,823) (Fisher, 2003). Such differences stemmed from differences in practice patterns rather than from differences in price or underlying illness, and outcomes were unaffected. Spending variations that do not result in improved clinical outcomes may constitute clinical waste.”

Medicynical Note: Many interventions are simply ineffective or cost too much for very limited benefit. We, both the consumer and the health care providers, need help in deciding the proper course. Comparison studies are essential to health care reform. One would think that everyone would favor finding our what works better, but guess who opposes this? Amazing!

See the article for references and full explanations.


Incomes, Health Care Reform, Horror Stories

This has been widely reported. Census data show falling income — latimes.com

Among other facts:

  • “In 2008, the median household income in the United States plummeted 3.6% from the year before, and the percentage of people living in poverty soared to an 11-year high”
  • “The data show the devastation of the recession through various economic indicators, such as the real median household income. In 2007 it was $52,163. A year later it dropped to $50,303, the lowest level since 1997.”

Medicynical Note: Meanwhile health care cost inflation is estimated at approaching 10% for 2009 by Price Waterhouse.

I don’t like anecdotes but it seems to be the currency of the debate on health care. So………

Case 1:
While at a local tumor board this week we encountered the case of a young woman with Hodgkin’s disease, a curable lymphoma. It’s curability depends in part on the stage of the disease–early is better than late. In this case the patient delayed calling attention to the mass in her neck for six months because she had no health insurance.

If Hodgkins disease is local, that is one or two lymph node areas involved, it can be treated with irradiation alone, i.e. without chemotherapy. The further advanced the disease the more extensive, expensive and toxic the treatment. Chemotherapy is necessary for most cases when the disease advances.

So this young woman went from have a disease amenable to local (extended field) irradiation to a situation where she will now require both systemic chemotherapy and irradiation. In addition to the immediate toxicity, her future fertility will likely be compromised–as well as her chance for cure. Guess who’s paying?

Case 2
This is the story of a young woman with headaches who earlier this summer delayed seeing a doctor because she had no insurance. The headaches persisted and while on a hike with a friend in the mountains, she collapsed and died. She undoubtedly had a leaking aneurysm which finally burst. Delay in seeking care in this case was fatal.

These are two cases from my personal experience in the last 3 months. Only in America would this be allowed to happen and only in America would people call such a dysfuntional non-systematic health care establishment the “best in the world.”

We need health reform to assure access to care. It’s literally killing us!


Abortion and Health Care Reform

If I understand it, the people who think health care reform will result in government control over a patient’s health care decisions, want the government to forbid people from choosing whether or not to have an abortion.

What’s going on here?


What’s different about healthcare

That’s a deceptive title because when talking about a “free market” for products, there are many things “different” about the health care product.

I touched on a few in yesterday’s entry.

Today I’d like to explore the notion of effectiveness. In my specialty medical oncology, the only way we gauge effectiveness is through large studies of patients with the problem and comparing the outcomes (length of survival, rate of recurrence, etc). In any given patient it’s often difficult, if not impossible, to ascertain whether the treatment has actually worked or not.

For example, consider the patient with breast cancer who has had surgery with the tumor completely removed. If nothing else is done we will know in time whether the surgery cured the patient or not.

But, we often treat these patients with some type hormonal blocker (tamoxifen or another) with or without chemotherapy (called adjuvant therapy in doc talk). This can get quite expensive and is associated with frequent severe side effects.

If treated in this way and the tumor doesn’t recur, in any individual case we cannot know whether the surgery removed it all or the ensuing hormone blocking and/or chemo had some effect. Furthermore, if the tumor does recur later we are unable to determine whether the treatments delayed the recurrence.

The same is true for all other cancer types. In an individual case we simply cannot know whether the therapy given was worth the pain, cost and side-effects, unless large comparison studies of treatments and their outcomes are done.

You can of course say well, if it doesn’t return who cares. But given that tumors often recur and that there are extreme side-effects and greatly decreased quality of life from treatment and yes extreme costs, it’s important to understand whether a therapy works and just how effective it is.

Now to the difference between health care and other products. We spend literally thousands of dollars on treatments for cancer. Single drugs can cost as much as $100,000/year–that’s more than the great majority of people earn in year. In most instances, in cases of advanced disease, the improvement in survival from these agents (take Senator Kennedy’s case for example) is limited, measured in days to a few months. We, our health care non-system spend literally hundreds of billions of dollars for treatment of just these cases.

Can you name another product in this cost range, bought in the free market, that may not work? or may work for only a few days or months? or if it does work costs hundreds of thousands of dollars?

Well, that’s the situation in health care. Our costs are untenable; Our outcomes difficult to measure; and the purveyors of these products don’t want to do comparison studies to figure out what works and how it actually does work.

We do need reform!


NIMBY in Financials and Health Care

Last week the President met with financial leaders and proposed reform and regulation of their market. You would think after the hundreds of billions spent to keep them afloat after their meltdown that they would be receptive to anything that would decrease the risk of a recurrence. But no, in typical american fashion, they seem to bridle under the accusation that their problem was self inflicted, that it would happen again and that some type of restraint (regulation) was necessary.

In health care we see similar NIMBY traits. No one wants to give an inch. Insurers want to continue their profligate policies that guarantee profits but not access or quality. Providers fear the unknown and are the most vulnerable so they are wary of change. Patent holders (technology or pharmaceuticals) oppose change because it might infringe on their profits. Parenthetically all are afraid that their cost plus gravy train is jeopardized.

You would think with the hundreds of billions wasted yearly on health care the players would be receptive to proposals that would decrease costs and improve efficiency. But no, in typical american fashion, they seem to bridle under the accusation that their problem is self inflicted, that it will continue and/worsen in and oppose the notion that some type of reform (regulation) is essential for improvement.

In reality there is no “free market” in health care, nor, for that matter, is one possible. For example, our patent system offers long protection to new drug developers and guarantees their monopoly. Some free market, particularly when they charge thousands of dollars/month for a drug alone–which accrues over 12 months to more than the yearly average income! This is particularly aggravated by the fact that in health care there is no assured access to full information; optional approaches are not fully explained, understandable to the average person nor universally available; the buyer is under duress; and the providers charge whatever they wish without relation to true cost.

As a result we ration access (50 million uninsured) and care by cost. That’s our non-system.

It’s distressing to see what’s happening in our congress. Their timidity and responsiveness to the health care lobby quite depressing.


Moyers Interview with CIGNA executive: Insurers sadly meet our expectations

This was in Bill Moyer’s Journal week of July 9. Wendall Potter, an executive at CIGNA, reveals the other worldly quality of health insurers decision makers; their insular goals–and they are not improving health care; and explains his motivation in giving the interview. Worth seeing.

Medicynic: It really is about the money–insurers, high salaries and profits. Amazingly our legislators seem reluctant to reform our non-system. The industry seems to have them in their pocket–I mean pocketbook. We’ll need to drag them kicking and screaming into change.

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More Comparison Studies: Capecitabine (Xeloda) vs Standard Chemotherapy

In an attempt to prevent recurrence of breast cancer, chemotherapy is given after surgery. This is known as adjuvant chemotherapy.

One of the standard adjuvant regimens is CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-FU). Compared to other adjuvant regimens the toxicity is moderate but all the drugs are given intravenously. About 15 years ago Roche developed capecitabine (Xeloda) an oral drug that is simply 5FU in oral form. The cost of this drug is several hundred times (yes you read that correctly) that of the intravenous drug but the thought apparently was that the drug would save visits to infusion centers, which are also expensive.

Now, as reported in NEJM there is evidence that the use of capecitabine is inferior to CMF as adjuvant treatment of breast cancer in women over age 65. Unfortunately it’s taken 15 years to find this out.

Medicynical note: This experience is yet another example of why we need to compare treatment regimens. It’s counter intuitive to argue against this notion unless you are a drug company. Or an insecure physician who’s ego can’t deal with another source of information, besides the bias offered by pharmaceutical companies.

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